Self-leadership is “the process of influencing oneself to establish the self-direction and self-motivation needed to perform a task” (McShane & Travaglione, 2005). Neck & Houghton 2006 (cited in Manz 1986; Manz and Neck 2004) also conceptualized “self-leadership is a process through which individuals control their own behaviour, influencing and leading themselves through the use of specific sets of behavioural and cognitive strategies”; while Freeman (2004) claimed that “self-leadership is not simply self-discipline; it is a set of well-defined strategies for personal improvement”. In general, self-leadership is process of controlling one’s behaviour to direct and motivate one’s self to improve desirably personal task performance.
Anderson, Manz and Prussia suggested three categories of self-leadership that impact subsequent outcomes are behaviour-focused strategies, natural reward strategies and constructive thought pattern strategies (1998).
- Behaviour-focused strategy: the strategies focus on self-assessment, self-reward and self-discipline. Particularly, they content realising the long-term goal, self-applying motivated reward methods, decreasing bad habit and practicing desired behavior (Anderson et. al., 1998)
- Natural reward strategies include finding intrinsic reward in the task, enjoying the job setting, and engaging in job- or task-redesign (Boss & Sims, 2008).
- Constructive thought pattern strategies include mental imagery, mental rehearsal, positive self-talk and managing beliefs and assumptions (Boss & Sims, 2008).
References
Anderson, J.S., Manz, C.C. and Prussia, G.E. (1998), "Self-leadership and performance outcomes: The mediating influence of self-efficacy", Journal of Organizational Behavior, Vol. 19 pp.523-38.
Boss, A. D. & Sims, H. P., Jr. (2008). Everyone fails! Using emotion regulation and self-leadership for recovery. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 23: 135-150
Manz, C. C and Neck, P. C. (1999) "Mastering Self-Leadership: Empowering Yourself For Personal Excellence," (2nd Edition). Prentice-Hall, Inc.
McShane, S. & Travaglione, T (2005) Organisational Behaviour on the Pacific Rim, enhance edn., McGraw Hill, Australia.
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